Archival ReportThe Interaction of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B and Cytokines Is Associated with Schizophrenia
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Participants
All the subjects gave written informed consent to participate in the study, which was approved by the Ethics Committee of Henan Mental Hospital. One hundred forty-eight subjects were invited to participate in the study, including 65 healthy control subjects (35 men and 30 women) and 83 patients (43 men and 40 women). Eligible patients were diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria (27) with first-episode schizophrenia. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was determined by a psychiatrist using the
Demographic Data
Demographic data from 148 examined subjects are listed in Table 1. Because of matching criteria, there was no difference in age, sex, smoking, and BMI between the schizophrenic patients and healthy subjects.
Differences in Control Subjects and Schizophrenic Patients at Baseline
Serum levels and PBMC mRNA expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α in the schizophrenia group were significantly higher than those in control subjects. NF-κB activation and mRNA expression in the schizophrenia group were significantly higher than those in control group (Table 2, Figure 1).
Changes in Serum Levels and PBMC mRNA Expression of IL-1β and TNF-α After 4 Weeks of Risperidone Treatment
Serum
Discussion
In this study, we found a significant increase in serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in schizophrenic patients. This is consistent with previous reports that IL-1 and TNF-α are increased in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of schizophrenic patients (31, 32, 33, 34, 35). The alterations of cytokines in schizophrenia have been extensively studied (36, 37, 38, 39). Many reports have demonstrated that IL-2 receptors express on pyramidal cells of brain regions including the hippocampus, and IL-2 may
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XQS and LXL contributed equally to this article.