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Are executive function and impulsivity antipodes? A conceptual reconstruction with special reference to addiction

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Abstract

Rationale

Although there is considerable interest in how either executive function (EF) or impulsivity relate to addiction, there is little apparent overlap between these research areas.

Objectives

The present paper aims to determine if components of these two constructs are conceptual antipodes—widely separated on a shared continuum.

Methods

EFs and impulsivities were compared and contrasted. Specifically, the definitions of the components of EF and impulsivity, the methods used to measure the various components, the populations of drug users that show deficits in these components, and the neural substrates of these components were compared and contrasted.

Results

Each component of impulsivity had an antipode in EF. EF, however, covered a wider range of phenomena, including compulsivity.

Conclusions

Impulsivity functions as an antipode of certain components of EF. Recognition of the relationship between EF and impulsivity may inform the scientific inquiry of behavioral problems such as addiction. Other theoretical implications are discussed.

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Notes

  1. When describing other researchers’ findings, we have made an effort to retain language consistent with that used in the original report.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by NIDA grants R01 DA 12997, R01 DA 024080, R01 DA 024080-02S1 (NIAAA), R01 DA 030241, R01 DA 022386. The authors would like to thank Patsy Marshall for assistance with manuscript preparation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Addiction Recovery Research Center and Virginia Tech Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA

    Warren K. Bickel

  2. Addiction Recovery Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA, 24016, USA

    David P. Jarmolowicz, E. Terry Mueller & Kirstin M. Gatchalian

  3. Department of Psychology, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    Samuel M. McClure

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  1. Warren K. Bickel
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Correspondence to Warren K. Bickel.

Appendix

Appendix

Table 1 Outline for the procedures used to assess functions
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Bickel, W.K., Jarmolowicz, D.P., Mueller, E.T. et al. Are executive function and impulsivity antipodes? A conceptual reconstruction with special reference to addiction. Psychopharmacology 221, 361–387 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-012-2689-x

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