Table 4

Comparison of ZBI, HADS and WHOQOL-BREF scores between male and female caregivers of patients with schizophrenia and alcohol use disorder.

	Alcohol use disorder				Schizophrenia
	Male caregivers	Female caregivers	U value/t value	P value	Male caregivers	Female caregivers	U value/t value	P value
	n=11	n=39	n=30	n=20			U value/t value
ZBI score	34.36 (28.2)	53.17 (21.0)	2.42*	0.01*	41.06 (22.9)	51.65 (19.6)	198.5	0.04
HADS score
Depression	9.63 (7.7)	14.3 (5.1)	135	0.06	10.2 (6.1)	12.6 (5.7)	1.39*	0.17*
Anxiety	8.90 (6.4)	13.7 (5.4)	2.52*	0.01*	9.96 (6.0)	13.5 (5.0)	183	0.02
WHOQOL-BREF score
Physical health	60.71 (12.0)	45.78 (13.9)	3.21*	0.002*	52.38 (13.8)	44.28 (17.4)	1.83*	0.07*
Psychological health	64.01 (17.9)	42.30 (18.6)	3.44*	0.001*	51.80 (21.0)	43.33 (19.7)	1.43*	0.15*
Social relationships	66.66 (32.7)	42.09 (28.3)	128	0.04	59.06 (25.9)	43.1 (24.8)	1.57*	0.12*
Environmental health	75.85 (23.8)	41.90 (22.0)	4.43*	<0.001*	41.06 (22.9)	51.65 (19.6)	2.16*	0.03*

Data are presented as mean (SD).
*Denotes that data followed the normality test and so are interpreted by unpaired t-test, and thus t value has been mentioned, while the rest of the groups were compared by Mann-Whitney test. P<0.05 is considered statistically significant.
HADS, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale; WHOQOL-BREF, WHO Quality of Life-BREF; ZBI, Zarit Burden Interview.