Quantitative changes in diagnoses, coping ability, symptoms and family function in both participants
| Measure | Participant 1 (J) | Participant 2 (K) | ||
| Baseline | Post-treatment | Baseline | Post-treatment | |
| Clinical and diagnostic measures | ||||
| CGI-Anxiety Improvement rated by clinician | – | 2 (much improved) | – | 1 (very much improved) |
| CGI-Anxiety severity | 5 (marked) | 3 (mild) | 4 (moderate) | 1 (not at all ill) |
| KSADS-PL diagnoses (meeting full criteria) | Separation anxiety disorder, specific phobia, social phobia | Specific phobia* | Separation anxiety disorder | No diagnoses |
| Coping Questionnaire: parent ratings of child’s ability to cope with the 6–7 targeted fears worked on | ||||
| Mean coping ability† | 2.57 | 4.86‡ | 2.36 | 5.93‡ |
| ECBQ: measures of temperament | ||||
| ECBQ Fear | 5.36 | 4.27‡ | 3.64 | 2.30‡ |
| ECBQ Shyness | 3.75 | 4.92 | 3.92 | 2.92‡ |
| Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment: measures of social emotional problems and competencies | ||||
| Depression/withdrawal | 0 | 0.22 | 0 | 0 |
| Fear composite | 1.50 | 1.33‡ | 1.33 | 0.67‡ |
| General anxiety | 0.25 | 0.13‡ | 1.23 | 0.37‡ |
| Separation distress | 2.00 | 1.67‡ | 2.00 | 1.33‡ |
| Inhibition to novelty | 1.00 | 1.60 | 1.60 | 0.60‡ |
| Negative emotionality | 0.54 | 1.00 | 1.15 | 0.46‡ |
| Compliance | 1.63 | 1.63 | 0.75 | 1.38‡ |
| Mastery motivation | 1.67 | 2.00‡ | 1.33 | 1.83‡ |
| Empathy | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.14 | 1.71‡ |
| Prosocial peer relations | 1.60 | 2.00‡ | 1.00 | 2.00‡ |
| Social relatedness | 2.00 | 2.00 | 1.17 | 1.67‡ |
| Child Behavior Checklist: parent-rated symptoms (T-scores) | ||||
| Emotionally reactive | 50 | 59 | 62 | 50‡ |
| Anxious /depressed | 52 | 63 | 69 | 50‡ |
| Somatic complaints | 53 | 53 | 70 (clinical) | 50‡ |
| Withdrawn | 50 | 50 | 60 | 50‡ |
| Sleep problems | 70 (clinical) | 76 (clinical) | 62 | 53‡ |
| Attention problems | 51 | 53 | 53 | 53 |
| Aggressive behaviours | 50 | 50 | 62 | 50‡ |
| Internalising | 47 | 58 | 68 (clinical) | 37‡ |
| Externalising | 44 | 44 | 60 | 43‡ |
| Total | 50 | 55 | 65 (clinical) | 40‡ |
| Achenbach Caregiver Report Form (CRF): daycare teacher-rated symptoms (T-scores) | ||||
| Emotionally reactive | 50 | 56 | –§ | – |
| Anxious depressed | 51 | 50 | – | – |
| Somatic complaints | 50 | 50 | – | – |
| Withdrawn | 50 | 50 | – | – |
| Attention problems | 51 | 55 | – | – |
| Aggressive behaviours | 59 | 62 | – | – |
| Internalising | 41 | 44 | – | – |
| Externalising | 56 | 61 | – | – |
| Total | 51 | 56 | – | – |
| Family Life Impairment Scale: measures negative and positive impact on family of child’s symptoms | ||||
| Global family impairment | 0.625 | 0.125‡ | 0.25 | 0‡ |
| Family restriction | 0.6 | 0‡ | 0.2 | 0‡ |
| Family inflexibility | 0 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0‡ |
| Social impairment/exhaustion | 1 | 1 | 0.25 | 0‡ |
| Parental growth | 1 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0 |
| Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale: measures parent’s symptoms (rated by mother for participant 1 and father for participant 2) | ||||
| Parental anxiety | 4 | 3‡ | 0 | 0 |
| Parental depression | 1 | 0‡ | 0 | 0 |
| Parental stress | 17 | 11‡ | 0 | 2 |
*Separation anxiety disorder and social phobia were in partial remission, that is, not meeting full criteria but still showing subthreshold symptoms.
†Rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1=not at all able to help himself/herself to 7=completely able.
‡Indicates change in the direction of improvement.
§CRF not available because daycare worker did not read English well enough to complete it.
CGI, Clinician Global Impression; ECBQ, Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire; KSADS-PL, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime.