Demographic data and clinical characteristics of the patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls
| Schizophrenia | Healthy controls | t or χ 2 | P values | |
| n | 74 | 50 | ||
| Gender | ||||
| Male (%) | 50/75 (66.7) | 35/50 (33.3) | 0.153 | 0.696 |
| Female (%) | 20/75 (70.0) | 15/50 (30.0) | ||
| Age (years) | 57.0 (10.3) | 55.0 (9.6) | 0.135 | 0.893 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 (3.4) | 23.9 (2.9) | 0.083 | 0.934 |
| Years of education | 8.8 (2.2) | |||
| Age of onset (years) | 28.2 (9.1) | |||
| Duration of schizophrenia (years) | 28.8 (12.8) | |||
| DUP (months) | 48.1 (80.2) | |||
| Number of episodes | 5.3 (3.2) | |||
| Daily antipsychotic dosage (mg) (chlorpromazine equivalents*) | 280.7 (113.3) | |||
| PANSS total score | 74.6 (16.2) | |||
| Positive subscale | 10.2 (4.4) | |||
| Negative subscale | 27.4 (7.9) | |||
| General psychopathology subscale | 37.3 (9.8) | |||
| BPRS total score | 43.6 (10.3) |
*The chlorpromazine equivalents were calculated as described by Gray et al.42
BMI, body mass index; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; DUP, duration of untreated psychosis; PANSS, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.