Demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms and cognitive function assessments among the comorbidity, depression and control groups
| Control group (n=42) | Depression group (n=42) | Comorbidity group (n=40) | F/χ2 | P value | A vs B | A vs C | B vs C | |
| Gender | 5.099 | 0.078 | / | / | / | |||
| Male, n (%) | 18 (42.9) | 24 (57.1) | 27 (67.5) | |||||
| Female, n (%) | 24 (57.1) | 18 (42.9) | 13 (32.5) | |||||
| Education years | 4.107 | 0.128 | / | / | / | |||
| ≤12 years, n (%) | 24 (57.1) | 16 (38.1) | 23 (57.5) | |||||
| >12 years, n (%) | 18 (42.9) | 26 (61.9) | 17 (42.5) | |||||
| Employment | 0.984 | 0.612 | / | / | / | |||
| Yes, n (%) | 27 (64.3) | 25 (59.5) | 28 (70.0) | |||||
| No, n (%) | 15 (35.7) | 17 (40.5) | 12 (30.0) | |||||
| Family pattern | 2.648 | 0.266 | / | / | / | |||
| Nuclear, n (%) | 28 (66.7) | 34 (81.0) | 27 (67.5) | |||||
| Non-nuclear, n (%) | 14 (33.3) | 8 (19.0) | 13 (32.5) | |||||
| Marital status | 0.190 | 0.909 | / | / | / | |||
| Single, n (%) | 20 (47.6) | 22 (52.4) | 20 (50.0) | |||||
| Married, n (%) | 22 (52.4) | 20 (47.6) | 20 (50.0) | |||||
| Monthly income | 2.990 | 0.560 | / | / | / | |||
| <3 000 yuan, n (%) | 13 (31.0) | 12 (28.6) | 10 (25.0) | |||||
| 3 000–5 000 yuan, n (%) | 15 (35.7) | 11 (26.2) | 17 (42.5) | |||||
| >5 000 yuan, n (%) | 14 (33.3) | 19 (45.2) | 13 (32.5) | |||||
| Patient status | 0.562 | 0.454 | / | / | / | |||
| Outpatient, n (%) | / | 17 (40.5) | 13 (32.5) | |||||
| Inpatient, n (%) | / | 25 (59.5) | 27 (67.5) | |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 30.55 (9.88) | 33.07 (12.51) | 35.65 (13.72) | 1.817 | 0.167 | / | / | / |
| BDI-II, mean (SD) | / | 21.60 (10.40) | 27.93 (12.31) | 2.519 | 0.014* | / | / | / |
| HAMD-24, mean (SD) | / | 24.81 (11.39) | 30.38 (9.69) | 2.378 | 0.020* | / | / | / |
| PI-NRS, mean (SD) | / | 1.31 (1.83) | 5.38 (2.11) | 9.343 | <0.001*** | / | / | / |
| MoCA-BC, mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Visuospatial/executive | 4.21 (1.09) | 4.18 (1.11) | 4.08 (1.32) | 0.138 | 0.871 | / | / | / |
| Naming | 2.86 (0.41) | 2.78 (0.53) | 2.68 (0.62) | 1.080 | 0.343 | / | / | / |
| Attention | 5.69 (0.72) | 5.43 (0.87) | 5.24 (1.34) | 2.075 | 0.130 | / | / | / |
| Language | 2.50 (0.63) | 2.40 (0.70) | 2.37 (0.85) | 0.356 | 0.701 | / | / | / |
| Abstraction | 1.67 (0.57) | 1.63 (0.63) | 1.58 (0.68) | 0.195 | 0.823 | / | / | / |
| Delayed recall | 3.69 (1.05) | 2.90 (1.70) | 2.63 (1.55) | 5.764 | 0.004** | 0.016* | 0.002** | 0.419 |
| Orientation | 5.95 (0.22) | 5.83 (0.96) | 5.84 (0.59) | 0.453 | 0.637 | / | / | / |
| Total score | 26.57 (2.75) | 25.14 (3.87) | 24.47 (4.32) | 3.486 | 0.034* | 0.078 | 0.011* | 0.414 |
| PRMQ, mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Prospective memory | 20.20 (5.07) | 20.74 (7.04) | 25.56 (8.37) | 7.221 | <0.001*** | 0.722 | <0.001*** | 0.002** |
| Retrospective memory | 19.15 (5.47) | 21.12 (6.76) | 24.77 (7.50) | 7.408 | <0.001*** | 0.177 | <0.001*** | 0.014* |
| SF-MPQ-2-CN (IQR) | ||||||||
| Continuous pain | 0 (0, 2) | 2 (0, 5) | 8 (3.5, 16.5) | 32.186 | <0.001*** | 0.323 | <0.001*** | <0.001*** |
| Intermittent pain | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 0) | 0 (0, 6) | 20.268 | <0.001*** | 1.000 | <0.001*** | <0.001*** |
| Neuropathic pain | 0 (0, 2) | 1 (0, 3) | 5.5 (1, 10) | 27.394 | <0.001*** | 0.131 | <0.001*** | 0.004** |
| Affective descriptors | 0 (0, 3) | 8 (3, 18) | 18 (11.5, 28) | 55.836 | <0.001*** | <0.001*** | <0.001*** | 0.007** |
| Total score | 2.5 (0, 5) | 2.5 (0, 5) | 33.5 (23, 54) | 58.193 | <0.001*** | <0.001*** | <0.001*** | <0.001*** |
A, control group; B, depression group; C, comorbidity group.
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.
BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; HAMD-24, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-24; IQR, interquartile range; MoCA-BC, Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Basic Section; PI-NRS, Pain Intensity Numerical Rating Scale; PM, prospective memory; PRMQ, Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire; RM, retrospective memory; SD, standard deviation; SF-MPQ-2-CN, Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2-Chinese version.