Comparisons of resilience in college students by demographics
| Items | CD-RISC | Tenacity | Self-improvement | Optimism | |
| Gender | Male (n=88) | 56 (50, 69.50) | 28 (24, 33.75) | 20 (17, 24) | 9 (8, 11) |
| Female (n=382) | 56 (49, 65) | 28 (24, 33) | 20 (17, 23) | 9 (8, 11) | |
| Z value* | −0.375 | −0.218 | −0.643 | −0.021 | |
| P value | 0.707 | 0.828 | 0.520 | 0.984 | |
| Home location | City or town (n=254) | 56.50 (49, 67) | 28 (24, 34) | 20 (17, 23) | 9 (8, 11) |
| Countryside (n=216) | 56 (50, 63.75) | 28 (25, 31.75) | 20 (17, 23) | 9 (8, 11) | |
| Z value* | −0.745 | −1.050 | −0.216 | −1.291 | |
| P value | 0.456 | 0.294 | 0.829 | 0.197 | |
| Only-child family | Yes (n=250) | 56 (49, 65) | 28 (25, 33) | 20 (17, 23) | 9 (8, 11) |
| No (n=220) | 56 (49, 65.50) | 27 (24, 33) | 20 (17, 23) | 9 (8, 11) | |
| Z value | −0.414 | −0.766 | −0.167 | −0.309 | |
| P value | 0.679 | 0.444 | 0.868 | 0.757 | |
| Academic performance | Good (n=84) | 56 (50, 65) | 27 (24, 32.25) | 18 (17, 23) | 10 (8, 11) |
| Average (n=304) | 56 (49.25, 64.75) | 28 (24, 33) | 20 (17, 23) | 9 (8, 11) | |
| Poor (n=82) | 57 (48, 68) | 28 (23, 34) | 20 (17, 23) | 9 (7, 11) | |
| χ2† | 0.006 | 0.059 | 0.525 | 0.776 | |
| P value | 0.997 | 0.971 | 0.769 | 0.678 | |
| Family income | High (n=95) | 59 (51, 69) | 29 (26, 35) | 20 (17, 23) | 10 (8, 11) |
| Average (n=340) | 56 (49, 64) | 27.5 (24, 33) | 20 (17, 23) | 9 (8, 11) | |
| Low (n=35) | 55 (50, 71.75) | 27 (24, 37.25) | 20 (17, 23.75) | 9 (8, 11) | |
| χ2† | 2.752 | 4.151 | 0.700 | 2.289 | |
| P value | 0.253 | 0.126 | 0.705 | 0.318 | |
| College grade level | Grade 1 (n=155) | 56 (48, 64) | 27 (24, 32) | 20 (16, 23) | 9 (8, 11) |
| Grade 2 (n=113) | 56 (50, 64) | 28 (24, 32) | 20 (16.50, 23) | 9 (7, 11) | |
| Grade 3 (n=95) | 56 (51, 67) | 28 (24, 34) | 20 (17, 23) | 10 (8, 11) | |
| Grade 4 (n=56) | 56.50 (49, 66) | 28 (25, 33) | 19.50 (17, 22.75) | 9 (8, 11) | |
| Grade 5 (n=51) | 56 (50, 67) | 28 (25, 35) | 20 (17, 23) | 9 (8, 10) | |
| χ2† | 0.845 | 1.028 | 0.244 | 3.465 | |
| P value | 0.932 | 0.905 | 0.993 | 0.483 | |
Data are expressed as median (quartile 1, quartile 3).
*Mann-Whitney U test.
†Kruskal-Wallis test.
CD-RISC, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.