Variables | n | % | Mean | SD | Range | Correlation with PTSD† |
Sex | −0.26*** | |||||
Male | 295 | 62.0 | – | – | – | |
Female | 181 | 38.0 | – | – | – | |
Age | 0.06 | |||||
At T1 | – | – | 22.4 | 10.5 | 18–25 | |
At T2 | – | – | 25.3 | 9.3 | 20–27 | |
At abduction | – | – | 14.1 | 4.2 | 0.7–19 | |
Duration in captivity | – | – | 3.1 | 3.0 | 0.5–17 | 0.29*** |
Marital status | 0.18** | |||||
Married | 220 | 46.2 | – | – | – | |
Married to fellow abductees | 87 | 18.3 | – | – | – | |
Separated/divorced | 35 | 7.4 | – | – | – | |
Unmarried | 74 | 15.5 | – | – | – | |
History of sexual abuse | 168 | 35.3 | – | – | – | 0.44*** |
Injury while in captivity | 193 | 40.5 | – | – | – | 0.37*** |
Postwar chronic illness | 101 | 21.2 | – | – | – | 0.29*** |
IES-R subscales and total score | ||||||
IES-R total score | – | – | 54.6 | 6.9 | 0–88 | |
Arousal | – | – | 17.9 | 2.7 | 0–28 | |
Avoidance | – | – | 19.1 | 3.1 | 0–32 | |
Intrusion | – | – | 17.9 | 2.2 | 0–28 | |
Scores ≤33 | 297 | 62.3 | – | – | – | |
Scores >33 | 179 | 37.6 | – | – | – | |
Scores >35 | 103 | 21.6 | – | – | – | |
Psychosocial correlates | ||||||
Postwar hardships | – | – | 12.5 | 4.9 | 0–24 | 0.47*** |
Stigma/discrimination | – | – | 30.9 | 9.4 | 0–45 | 0.36*** |
Community relations | – | – | 8.2 | 3.9 | 0–18 | −0.24*** |
Family acceptance | – | – | 4.9 | 1.6 | 0–12 | −0.27*** |
General functioning | – | – | 14.8 | 9.7 | 0–44 | −0.26*** |
Prosocial behaviours | – | – | 10.4 | 2.2 | 0–15 | −0.28*** |
Pearson correlations with PTSD symptoms: **p<0.01; ***p<0.001. PTSD indicated by Impact of Event scores: ≤33=no PTSD; >33=probable PTSD; >35=likely PTSD.
†PTSD symptoms indicated by IES-R total score.
IES-R, Impact of Event Scale-Revised; n, subpopulation; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.