Table 3

Cox proportional model used for underlying cause-specific mortality by BMI category

BMI groupCirculatory
HR (95% CI)		Cancer
HR (95% CI)		Respiratory
HR (95% CI)		Digestive
HR (95% CI)		External causes
HR (95% CI)		Any other causes
HR (95% CI)
Model adjusted for age
 Healthy weightReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
 Underweight1.13 (0.71 to 1.81)1.65 (0.98 to 2.78)1.48 (1.01 to 2.38)0.74 (0.34 to 1.60)1.13 (0.66 to 1.93)1.24 (0.80 to 1.95)
 Overweight1.15 (0.89 to 1.49)0.87 (0.65 to 1.16)1.28 (0.89 to 1.82)0.83 (0.49 to 1.41)0.96 (0.68 to 1.38)0.81 (0.63 to 0.99)
 Obese0.98 (0.77 to 1.26)0.74 (0.53 to 0.99)0.73 (0.52 to 0.98)0.71 (0.40 to 1.27)1.01 (0.71 to 1.38)0.72 (0.55 to 0.93)
 Morbidly obese1.32 (0.75 to 2.30)1.14 (0.60 to 2.13)1.56 (0.81 to 2.99)0.79 (0.30 to 2.08)0.78 (0.41 to 1.51)1.07 (0.66 to 1.74)
Fully adjusted model
 Healthy weightReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
 Underweight1.03 (0.54 to 1.95)1.93 (1.03 to 4.10)0.94 (0.46 to 1.91)0.15 (0.03 to 0.98)1.52 (0.65 to 3.55)1.54 (0.73 to 3.25)
 Overweight1.04 (0.74 to 1.46)0.77 (0.51 to 1.14)1.29 (0.79 to 2.12)1.23 (0.48 to 3.13)1.56 (1.02 to 2.77)0.60 (0.42 to 0.86)
 Obese0.90 (0.65 to 1.26)0.62 (0.40 to 0.97)0.66 (0.41 to 1.04)0.27 (0.09 to 0.85)1.51 (1.01 to 2.74)0.63 (0.43 to 0.90)
 Morbidly obese1.34 (0.63 to 2.84)0.85 (0.40 to 1.80)2.17 (1.02 to 5.22)0.85 (0.09 to 7.94)0.49 (0.17 to 1.40)1.05 (0.56 to 1.97)

  • Fully adjusted model adjusted for age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, employment status, IMD, smoking status, HoNOS problems, received antipsychotic, antidepressant, antimanic agents, antihypertensives, lipid-lowering and antidiabetic medications, and comorbidities of diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia.

  • BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HoNOS, Health of the Nation Outcome Scale; HR, hazard ratio; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation.