Correlation between genetically predicted HGS and potential confounders
| Confounder | Outcome | SNP | OR | 95% CI | P value |
| Alcoholic drinks per day | Left HGS | 34 | 1.047 | (0.959 to 1.144) | 0.305 |
| Right HGS | 34 | 1.054 | (0.966 to 1.151) | 0.239 | |
| Waist circumference | Left HGS | 17 | 1.015 | (0.960 to 1.073) | 0.610 |
| Right HGS | 17 | 1.027 | (0.976 to 1.081) | 0.306 | |
| Triglycerides | Left HGS | 12 | 0.998 | (0.981 to 1.014) | 0.767 |
| Right HGS | 12 | 1.000 | (0.986 to 1.014) | 0.978 | |
| HDL-C | Left HGS | 4 | 0.997 | (0.981 to 1.014) | 0.722 |
| Right HGS | 4 | 0.998 | (0.984 to 1.013) | 0.804 | |
| Glucose | Left HGS | 22 | 0.995 | (0.953 to 1.038) | 0.808 |
| Right HGS | 22 | 0.995 | (0.960 to 1.032) | 0.804 | |
| DBP | Left HGS | 451 | 1.001 | (0.999 to 1.002) | 0.592 |
| Right HGS | 451 | 1.000 | (0.998 to 1.002) | 0.785 | |
| SBP | Left HGS | 446 | 1.000 | (0.999 to 1.001) | 0.755 |
| Right HGS | 446 | 1.000 | (0.999 to 1.001) | 0.642 | |
| Exercise | Left HGS | 13 | 1.142 | (0.898 to 1.454) | 0.280 |
| Right HGS | 13 | 1.045 | (0.841 to 1.298) | 0.691 | |
| Frailty | Left HGS | 15 | 0.882 | (0.796 to 0.977) | 0.016 |
| Right HGS | 15 | 0.871 | (0.779 to 0.974) | 0.016 |
CI, confidence interval; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HGS, handgrip strength; OR, odds ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism.