The reliability and validity of the Recovery Process Inventory (RPI) were assessed in a statewide sample of 459 persons with severe mental illness from a public mental health system. Six factors were identified that reflect important aspects of the recovery process, have good internal consistency and fair to moderate test-retest reliability, and yield moderate to good convergent validity on the majority of subscales. The 22-item RPI performance across these dimensions and its comparability to the Recovery Assessment Scale and related instruments, e.g., empowerment, confidence, and healing, make it a potentially valuable tool in survey research regarding the process and outcomes of recovery among mental health consumers. Suggestions for its further research and development, and use of the scale in conjunction with the Mental Health Statistics Improvement Program Adult Consumer Survey are discussed.